3,283 research outputs found
Tobacco use in the third trimester of pregnancy and its relationship to birth weight. A prospective study in Spain
Background Few studies have been carried out in Spain examining the use of tobacco amongst expectant mothers and its effect on birth weight. Aims To observe the proportion of expectant mothers who smoke during their pregnancy, and the impact of tobacco consumption on maternal and birth weight. We also aimed to identify the trimester of pregnancy in which tobacco use produced the greatest reduction in birth weight. Methods Prospective observational study in Spain. A random sampling strategy was used to select health centres and participant women. A total of 137 individuals were enrolled in the study. Exposure to tobacco was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Regressions were performed to obtain a predictive model for birth weight related to smoking. Findings Overall, 35% of study participants were smokers during the pre-gestational period (27% in the first trimester, 21.9% in the second and 21.2% in the third). 38.7% of smoking cessation attempts took place in the third-trimester. Pregnant women who smoked up to the third trimester had a higher risk of giving birth to a baby under 3000 g, compared to non-smokers (OR = 5.94, CI 95%: 1.94–18.16). Each additional unit of tobacco consumed daily in the 3rd trimester led to a 32 g reduction in birth weight. Conclusion An important proportion of pregnant women in Spain smoke during pregnancy. Pregnant women exposed to tobacco have newborns with lower birth weight. Smoking during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy is associated with the greatest risk of lower birth weight
La influencia del componente no verbal asociado al feedback correctivo en la producción oral en ELE
Aunque existe una gran cantidad de bibliografía referida al estudio de la retroalimentación en el aula de lenguas extranjeras, se observa que la mayoría de los estudios no han tenido lo suficientemente en cuenta el papel del aspecto no verbal asociado a dicha retroalimentación en la comunicación e interacción oral. El presente estudio se propone cubrir esa carencia y analiza el lenguaje no verbal asociado al feedback correctivo oral del profesor durante la realización de cuatro actividades de interacción que tuvieron lugar en una clase de español como lengua extranjera en una universidad de los Países Bajos. Mediante un diseño descriptivo exploratorio, se determina, en primer lugar, la distribución de feedback correctivo y del lenguaje no verbal asociado a él; en segundo lugar, se analizan los diferentes tipos de componente no verbal y su frecuencia en la retroalimentación correctiva; en último lugar, se determina la distribución de uptake así como la relación entre el lenguaje no verbal y la aparición de uptake. Los resultados mostraron que un 68% del feedback correctivo está acompañado de lenguaje no verbal, que potencia las técnicas de retroalimentación y, de ese modo, contribuye a una mayor cantidad de uptake. También se observó que la técnica más habitual es la elicitación, y que tanto su aparición como el empleo de lenguaje no verbal asociado a ella dependen de factores tales como la intención del profesor, el contexto de instrucción y el tipo de error
Matrix interpretation of multiple orthogonality
In this work we give an interpretation of a (s(d + 1) + 1)-term recurrence
relation in terms of type II multiple orthogonal polynomials.We rewrite
this recurrence relation in matrix form and we obtain a three-term recurrence
relation for vector polynomials with matrix coefficients. We present a matrix
interpretation of the type II multi-orthogonality conditions.We state a Favard
type theorem and the expression for the resolvent function associated to the
vector of linear functionals. Finally a reinterpretation of the type II Hermite-
Padé approximation in matrix form is given
Doxorubicin plus lurbinectedin in patients with advanced endometrial cancer: Results from an expanded phase i study
Objective: Second-line treatment of endometrial cancer is an unmet medical need. We conducted a phase I study evaluating lurbinectedin and doxorubicin intravenously every 3 weeks in patients with solid tumors. The aim of this study was to characterise the efficacy and safety of lurbinectedin and doxorubicin for patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: Thirty-four patients were treated: 15 patients in the escalation phase (doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 and lurbinectedin 3.0-5.0 mg) and 19 patients in the expansion cohort (doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 and lurbinectedin 2.0 mg/m2). All histological subtypes were eligible and patients had received one to two prior lines of chemotherapy for advanced disease. Antitumor activity was evaluated every two cycles according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. Results: Median age (range) was 65 (51-78) years. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was up to 1 in 97% of patients. In the escalation phase, 4 (26.7%) of 15 patients had confirmed response: two complete and two partial responses (95% CI 7.8% to 55.1%). Median duration of response was 19.5 months. Median progression-free survival was 7.3 (2.5 to 10.1) months. In the expansion cohort, confirmed partial response was reported in 8 (42.1%) of 19 patients (95% CI 20.3% to 66.5%). Median duration of response was 7.5 (6.4 to not reached) months, median progression-free survival was 7.7 (2.0 to 16.7) months and median overall survival was 14.2 (4.5 to not reached) months. Fatigue (26.3% of patients), and transient and reversible myelosuppression (neutropenia, 78.9%; febrile neutropenia, 21.1%; thrombocytopenia, 15.8%) were the main grade 3 and higher toxicities in the expanded cohort. Conclusions: In patients with recurrent advanced endometrial cancer treated with doxorubicin and lurbinectedin, response rates (42%) and duration of response (7.5 months) were favorable. Further evaluation of doxorubicin and lurbinectedin is warranted in this patient population
Edge-Based Compartmental Modeling for Infectious Disease Spread Part III: Disease and Population Structure
We consider the edge-based compartmental models for infectious disease spread
introduced in Part I. These models allow us to consider standard SIR diseases
spreading in random populations. In this paper we show how to handle deviations
of the disease or population from the simplistic assumptions of Part I. We
allow the population to have structure due to effects such as demographic
detail or multiple types of risk behavior the disease to have more complicated
natural history. We introduce these modifications in the static network
context, though it is straightforward to incorporate them into dynamic
networks. We also consider serosorting, which requires using the dynamic
network models. The basic methods we use to derive these generalizations are
widely applicable, and so it is straightforward to introduce many other
generalizations not considered here
Evaluation of the Predictive Ability, Environmental Regulation and Pharmacogenetics Utility of a BMI-Predisposing Genetic Risk Score during Childhood and Puberty
The authors would like to thank the Spanish children and parents who participated in
the study.Polygenetic risk scores (pGRSs) consisting of adult body mass index (BMI) genetic
variants have been widely associated with obesity in children populations. The implication of
such obesity pGRSs in the development of cardio-metabolic alterations during childhood as well
as their utility for the clinical prediction of pubertal obesity outcomes has been barely investigated
otherwise. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of an adult BMI predisposing pGRS for the
prediction and pharmacological management of obesity in Spanish children, further investigating
its implication in the appearance of cardio-metabolic alterations. For that purpose, we counted
on genetics data from three well-characterized children populations (composed of 574, 96 and 124
individuals), following both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, expanding childhood and
puberty. As a result, we demonstrated that the pGRS is strongly associated with childhood BMI
Z-Score (B = 1.56, SE = 0.27 and p-value = 1.90 × 10−8
), and that could be used as a good predictor of
obesity longitudinal trajectories during puberty. On the other hand, we showed that the pGRS is not
associated with cardio-metabolic comorbidities in children and that certain environmental factors
interact with the genetic predisposition to the disease. Finally, according to the results derived from a
weight-reduction metformin intervention in children with obesity, we discarded the utility of the
pGRS as a pharmacogenetics marker of metformin response.Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I + D + I), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Health Research Funding (FONDOS FEDER)
PI1102042
PI1102059
PI1601301
PI1600871Spanish Ministry of Health, Social and Equality, General Department for Pharmacy and Health Products
EC10-243
EC10-056
EC10-281
EC10-227Regional Government of Andalusia ("Plan Andaluz de investigacion, desarrollo e innovacion (2018)")
P18-RT-2248Mapfre Foundation ("Research grants by Ignacio H. de Larramendi 2017")Instituto de Salud Carlos III
IFI17/0004
Green Plants in the Red: A Baseline Global Assessment for the IUCN Sampled Red List Index for Plants
Plants provide fundamental support systems for life on Earth and are the basis for all terrestrial ecosystems; a decline in plant diversity will be detrimental to all other groups of organisms including humans. Decline in plant diversity has been hard to quantify, due to the huge numbers of known and yet to be discovered species and the lack of an adequate baseline assessment of extinction risk against which to track changes. The biodiversity of many remote parts of the world remains poorly known, and the rate of new assessments of extinction risk for individual plant species approximates the rate at which new plant species are described. Thus the question ‘How threatened are plants?’ is still very difficult to answer accurately. While completing assessments for each species of plant remains a distant prospect, by assessing a randomly selected sample of species the Sampled Red List Index for Plants gives, for the first time, an accurate view of how threatened plants are across the world. It represents the first key phase of ongoing efforts to monitor the status of the world’s plants. More than 20% of plant species assessed are threatened with extinction, and the habitat with the most threatened species is overwhelmingly tropical rain forest, where the greatest threat to plants is anthropogenic habitat conversion, for arable and livestock agriculture, and harvesting of natural resources. Gymnosperms (e.g. conifers and cycads) are the most threatened group, while a third of plant species included in this study have yet to receive an assessment or are so poorly known that we cannot yet ascertain whether they are threatened or not. This study provides a baseline assessment from which trends in the status of plant biodiversity can be measured and periodically reassessed
From a literature review to a conceptual framework for health sector websites’ assessment
Health sector institutions’ websites need to act as effective web resources of information and interactive communication mediums to address the versatile demands of their multiple stakeholders. Academic and practitioner interest in health sector website assessment has considerably risen in recent years. This can be seen by the number of papers published in journals. The purpose of this paper is twofold to further establish the field. First, it offers a literature re-view on hospitals’ websites assessment. Second, it offers a conceptual framework to address the website assessment issue in health sector. The proposed assessment framework focuses on four main criteria: content, technology, services, and participation being evaluated by the use of several indicators. Academics, hospital practitioners, public officials and users will find the review and the framework useful, as they outline major lines of research in the field and a method to assess health institution websites.This paper is a result of the project “SmartEGOV: Harnessing EGOV for Smart Governance (Foundations, methods, Tools) / NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000037”, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (EFDR).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
An Ecological Alternative to Snodgrass & Vanderwart: 360 High Quality Colour Images with Norms for Seven Psycholinguistic Variables
This work presents a new set of 360 high quality colour images belonging to 23 semantic subcategories. Two hundred and thirty-six Spanish speakers named the items and also provided data from seven relevant psycholinguistic variables: age of acquisition, familiarity, manipulability, name agreement, typicality and visual complexity. Furthermore, we also present lexical frequency data derived from Internet search hits. Apart from the high number of variables evaluated, knowing that it affects the processing of stimuli, this new set presents important advantages over other similar image corpi: (a) this corpus presents a broad number of subcategories and images; for example, this will permit researchers to select stimuli of appropriate difficulty as required, (e.g., to deal with problems derived from ceiling effects); (b) the fact of using coloured stimuli provides a more realistic, ecologically-valid, representation of real life objects. In sum, this set of stimuli provides a useful tool for research on visual object-and word- processing, both in neurological patients and in healthy controls
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